Civil Liberties essays

Common Liberties papers What has befallen the U.S. is a disarray of terms. Freedom has been utilized to override opportunity. The psychological oppressors' demonstrations were encouraged by the endeavors of freedom gatherings. Individuals dont need to have each one of those defensive measures to jump on a plane. On the off chance that checks are expelled, at that point it makes it simple for fear mongers to have the option to jump on the planes. Our security is being attacked. In this way, the administration chilled out, and the psychological militants strolled through the opening. All together for the individuals to have a sense of security our common freedoms are going to require an exchange off among protection and security. President Bush's official request approving military commissions to attempt outside nationals associated with fear based oppression is a stunning burden of military law that works out in a good way past any measure already maintained by U.S. courts. This request permits military authorities inside the United States to capture outsiders on negligible doubt of fear based oppression, without demonstrating reasonable justification. At that point to attempt them totally covertly; to utilize any proof against them that military authorities judge to have probative worth, regardless of whether it is insignificant gossip or illicitly acquired. To convict them on straightforward prevalence of such proof, as opposed to verification past a sensible uncertainty; to convict them by a vote of 66% of the military appointed authorities, without a necessity of unanimity, considerably less preliminary by jury; and to condemn them to death, without offer to the regular citizen courts. Hedge authorities have protected the request by refering to the US Supreme Court's endorsement of President Roosevelt's choice in World War II to have Nazi saboteurs caught, attempted, and condemned to death by a mystery military council, as discipline for endeavoring to sneak explosives into Florida. The president bases his clout for this request just on his own past official request broadcasting a highly sensitive situation. Furthermore, these military courts can attempt people legitimately perceived as outsider adversaries, yet in addition legally ... <! Common Liberties articles John Schroeder, a 18-year-old Marilyn Manson fan, was strolling with his mom in a supermarket in New Braunfels, Texas,when he was captured by an off the clock cop for wearing a Manson T-shirt. The shirt bore a verse from Manson's tune Cake And Sodomy which read I am the divine force of f*ck. The official, who was working security, said that a few customers had grumbled about it. Schroeder was strolled outside, where the official inquired as to whether they found the shirt hostile. Everything except one just chuckled and said no. Schroder purportedly offered to take off his shirt, yet rather was captured for offense disgusting presentation, imprisoned for a couple of hours, and fined $125. The American Civil Liberties Union is shielding Schroeder, whose preliminary date ought to be set inside the following month. It is these sorts of activities that encroach on the First Amendment o f the Constitution of the United States of America, and they should be halted. Music is a huge piece of our way of life, and has been for thousand! s of years. It is a type of articulation, inspiration, or outright joy. ... <!

Williams Presents Essay Example for Free

Williams Presents Essay Eddie and Mickey were conceived from a similar mother Mrs. Johnston, yet they have amazingly various lives. They were indistinguishable twins; they appear to be identical. Be that as it may, Mrs. Lyons isolated them and caused them to have an alternate life. From that point on, one of them, Mickey remained with Mrs. Johnston lives in a major, poor family and the other one who was taken by Mrs. Lyons turned out to be exceptionally rich and got everything. They have been in an alternate world in view of numerous variables encompassing them to rich or poor from the second they have been conceived. I think the most compelling variables are the family they have and the family classes unique. The distinctive kind and level of training they have did likewise impact them much. Additionally, the religion of the family is one of the components that influence the life of the youngster too. Diverse thing has distinctive measure of impact to Mickey and Eddies life. I will examine the components individually. The social setting is untidy at the time between late 70s and mid 80s that the play was set. It is called downturn. Margaret Thatcher is the Prime Minister; she urged individuals to rake in tons of cash. Subsequently, the rich individuals in center or high society can acquire a lot of cash however the needy individuals in common laborers lost their positions. Life is hard for regular workers, as they find more unfortunate without a line of work. Mickeys family is experienced this social atmosphere. His family is poor. Not at all like Eddie, his family is in white collar class, he is rich. They have an incredible complexity in their life in light of the fact that the classes are extraordinary. Marilyn Monroe is the social symbol of the day around then. She is charming, rich and she speaks to an existence of imagination. Everybody needs to be her. We realize that from the book on p. 14, Act 1, Scene 1, it said He disclosed to me I was hotter than Marilyn Monroe, which is about Mr. Johnston said her better half was hotter, lovelier than Marilyn Monroe. It shows the estimation of that time. However, that is the thing that entirely unexpected from Mickey. Mickey is poor; he dressed scruffy. He lives in committee house and his family is common laborers. He doesn't have cash to purchase all that he needed. In any case, Eddie, he is rich, he has new garments, and he looks brilliant. He lives in private house and his family is white collar class. They are actually the equivalent, however the method of living is extremely unique with one of them is living in a rich domain and another lives in a poor world. This is the way the classes distinctive impact their life. The size and individuals in their family have additionally impacted them. Mickey has a major family with 7 siblings and sisters. The discourse of the mother in p. 14, Act 1, Scene 1, educated us regarding that. She stated: Seven hungry mouths to take care of and one all the more about due. Mickey is the most youthful in the family; he needs to battle for food and everything with the senior siblings and sisters. Consequently, he needs to grow up quick and look intense to ensure himself in the event of pounded by others. He additionally needs to his senior sibling Sammy in light of the fact that he needs to get more established so he can do all that he adores. We can perceive the amount he needs to be Sammy in the book on p. 30, Act 2, Scene 1, he has rehashed the sentences I want to be our Sammy. - for multiple times. He does everything Sammy did; be that as it may, Sammy was not a genuine model for Mickey to learn. So Mickey turns into a joker and streetwise since he has impacted by his sibling Sammy. The group of Eddie, we realize that he is the lone kid in his rich family and they are in white collar class. He lives with his mum just a large portion of his life. We dont think a lot about Eddies father on the grounds that the book doesn't make reference to about him much. Mrs., Lyons, Eddies mother, cherishes her child without a doubt. She gives him a decent safe house, gives him all that he needed. This makes frail and delicate and he won't know the hardship of the average workers since life is simple for him. Time went through snappy by sensational gadgets in the book. We can perceive how much distinction among Mickey and Eddie over a significant stretch. From the outset, when they are conceived, they are very little unique in relation to one another in either class or training. Be that as it may, when they are at 17 years old, Mickey is dropped out from school and on the opposite side Eddie was going to University. At that point, when the two of them go to work, Mickey loses his activity and Eddie is the manager of a plant. The training level caused them to have such a major distinction. Mickey is poor taught as he left school when he was 17. He was concentrate in government school. Ordinarily, there is nothing terrible to concentrate in government school. In any case, contrast with Eddie, Eddie was concentrate in tuition based school, he was accomplished. He could utilize a word reference at seven years old while Mickey don't have the foggiest idea what a word reference is. We realized that from the discussion among Mickey and Eddie. Eddie stated, I will find it in a word reference. from p. 33, Act 2, Scene 2. From the discourse of the storyteller at p. 56, Act 4, Scene 1, we know Mickey and Eddie are getting more established as they are 18. This is the activity of storyteller to take us through time and speed things up. Whirlpools goes into a University straight after he left his school however around then Mickey was at that point dropped out from the school and working in a production line. At that point, Eddie found a new line of work, which is the supervisor of the processing plant, straight after he completed his examining. At that point Eddie turns out to be extremely incredible and rich yet the other one, Mickey, is only a laborer in a manufacturing plant! They are indistinguishable twins yet we can perceive how training causes them to go into an alternate life. Odd notion is one of the impacts. Mrs. Johnston is extremely eccentric as should be obvious from the few occasions from the book. On p. 18, Act 1, Scene 3, Mrs. Lyons put a couple of new shoes on the table then Mrs. Johnston saw it and advise her never do this. This is a notion believing that something had will transpire, which you will never take note. This shows Mrs. Johnston is eccentric. I accept that she has faith in religion. Also, this makes Mickey sort of odd too. He accepts what kindred spirit is. On the opposite side, I dont think Mrs. Lyons has any religion whatsoever. She doesn't regard Mrs. Johnston and consistently utilize the shortcoming of Mrs. Johnston, that she is odd, to constrain her into accomplishing something. From the start Eddie doesn't accept any notion things however Mickey impacts him. He appreciates Mickey and everything Mickey does. He loves Mickey and needs Mickey likes him also. On p. 32, Act2 2, Scene 2, we know Eddie offers desserts to Mickey. This reflected he is anxious to please. Eddie used to dont think a lot about conversational until Mickey let him know. He thought everything Mickey said was crushing. Furthermore, he accepts that what Mrs. Johnston advised her on p. 35, Act 2, Scene 2, about bogeyman. This shows he is nai ve and honest. Taking everything into account, I can partition the impacts on the lives of Mickey and Eddie in four primary areas. The contrasts among Mickey and Eddie in the family, the social class they are, the instruction they have and the religion of the family. They are indistinguishable twins yet they have an altogether different life, I think it is on the grounds that these things that I have referenced before impacted them.

The Story of Tonight Comics for Fans of Hamilton

The Story of Tonight Comics for Fans of Hamilton This one’s for my fellow Faniltons (fans of the Broadway hit, “Hamilton,” about founding father Alexander Hamilton). Now that “Hamilton: The Original Broadway Cast Recording” has been released, are you looking for something to read while you obsessively listen to it on repeat? Are you someone who can “never be satisfied” until you’ve devoured all things even slightly Hamilton-adjacent? Have you already read “every treatise on the shelf?” Well, I’ve got some comics suggestions for you. Taxes, the Tea Party, and Those Revolting Rebels: A History in Comics of the American Revolution by Stan Mack (book) “You say the price of my love’s not a price that you’re willing to pay. You cry in your tea which you hurl in the sea when you see me go by.” -King George III, “You’ll Be Back” By the time Hamilton arrived in the colonies, Americans had already rejected taxation without representation and revolt was imminent. Read Taxes, the Tea Party, and Those Revolting Rebels to get the complete backstory on the political hotbed in which Hamilton found himself. Mack puts the comedy in comics and, like “Hamilton,” treats George III as a ridiculous and humorous figure. Here for it. Nathan Hales Hazardous Tales: One Dead Spy by Nathan Hale (book) “We’ll need some spies on the inside, Some King’s men who might let some things slide.” -Alexander Hamilton, “Right Hand Man” Do you know a young Fanilton? One Dead Spy, my favorite of the list, is an all-ages book about the Revolutionary War as told by American spy Nathan Hale and a British officer to the hangman at Hale’s execution. (Hale, unfortunately, was not as successful a spy as Hamilton associate Hercules Mulligan.) That sounds kind of morbid, but the book is actually quite funny and engagingit really makes history come alive for kids and grownups alike, covering the Battle at Bunker Hill, the Boston Massacre, and more. Rebels by Brian Wood and Andrea Mutti (ongoing series) “How does a ragtag volunteer army in need of a shower somehow defeat a global superpower? How do we emerge victorious from the quagmire? Leave the battlefield waving Betsy Ross’ flag higher?” -Aaron Burr, “Guns and Ships” Rebels is particularly interesting to pair with “Hamilton.” The show exposes the ways that a man who was truly exceptional, and who now lives on as a legend, was also a ‘typical’ American-an immigrant who rose up from nothing, a man with friends and family. And flaws. Rebels is about an ordinary man doing the extraordinary to cement the legend of America’s founding when called upon. Seth Abbott just wants to protect his land and people from the greedy, oppressive British; he’s not seeking glory or to rise above his station. Both stories show the men and women of Revolutionary War era as real people, not just legends, for whom the war was just one chapter of their lives. The United States Constitution: A Graphic Adaptation by Jonathan Hennessey and Aaron McConnell (book) BURR: “The constitution’s a mess.” HAMILTON: “So it needs amendments.” BURR: “It’s full of contradictions.” HAMILTON: “So is independence.” -Aaron Burr Alexander Hamilton, “Non-Stop” Among Hamilton’s many endeavors chronicled in the show are his contributions to The Federalist Papers, a series of essays promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. A graphic novel adaptation is a great way to familiarize or reacquaint yourself with the complex (or as Burr might say, “messy,” or “contradictory”) document that is the supreme law of the U.S. and that defines the nation politically and legally. Economix: How Our Economy Works (and Doesnt Work), in Words and Pictures by Michael Goodwin and David Bach (book) “If we assume the debts, the union gets A new line of credit, a financial diuretic.” -Alexander Hamilton, “Cabinet Battle #1” In the song quoted above, Thomas Jefferson raps, “This financial plan is an outrageous demand/and it’s too many damn pages for any man to/understand.” If that sums up how you feel about economics, then check out Goodwin’s straightforward explanation of the American financial system, Hamilton’s legacy as the first Secretary of the Treasury. It explores the history of economics and economic theory to help explain our present economic situation.

The World Display Jewelry A Girl Walking Down The Street

There is a girl walking down the street, her hair is dyed a vibrant red, a plastic piercing sticks out of her lip and bangle bracelets jingle all the way up her arm. Across the street, a woman walks with high heels and a fox wrap an elegant silver evening gown drapes off her body. In her ears are shiny diamond studs, princess cut, and on her fourth finger is a two carat diamond, gold bracelets adorn each wrist. She appears much safer than the teenager. The man accompanying her keeps a possessive arm around her waist, his watch glistens in the street lights, and the cuff links add a sense of purpose to his whole outfit, obviously a lawyer. The clothing and hair helped stereotype the people, but the jewelry they were wearing said far†¦show more content†¦Using the artifacts, tribal gender relations among the Zulu were easily seen (Pendergast). The Africans were not the only to prefer glass beads. Outside of Europe they were extremely rare, but a robber would always take the gold and never the beads making them easier to transport. The Dutch bought Manhattan from the Native Americans using glass beads, because they were convinced of the value in them (Raden). The Mayans did not use glass beads, but rather used their game completely. Unlike the Incas and the Aztecs the Mayans were not great metal workers but stuck with organic materials: shells, wood, stones, claws, feathers, etc. Warriors would use the crocodile teeth to make sure all who met them understood they were fabulous. Women and children had far simpler jewelry but made of the same materials (Pendergast). The nontraditional jewelry is important, but metal jewelry is far more intriguing. As the quote from Grant said above the two main materials are silver and gold, but entering the 1900’s platinum also became used. Gold has been seen all over the world. Many silver pieces have disintegrated and tarnished over time, making it hard to know how much was actually used (Grant). Gold has always been a symbol of splendor and is malleable enough that advanced chemical process are not needed to form impressive jewelry. Unfortunately, gold also has a very low melting point (for a metal) therefore, it is easily melted down so tomb robbingShow MoreRelatedEssay The Aztecs3724 Words   |  15 Pageslife the girl was promised to the house and family. The girl then was warned that life on the Earth is full of hardship and trouble and that this life was not a permanent place, but rather only a temporary transition from one place to another. The midwife expresses the curiosity of the par ents saying, We do not know if you will have good qualities, perhaps you are born as an empty cob of corn with no value...What is it with which you are blessed? Finally, the midwife welcomes the girl, You haveRead MoreColombian Folklore5889 Words   |  24 PagesThe Candileja is said to be the spirit of a vicious old woman, who was in charge of her grandchildren but neglected to teach then any moral principles, so they grew up as murderers and thieves. In the  afterlife  she was damned to travel around the world surrounded by flames. It is related to the  Will-o-the-wisp  phenomenon. * The dark  mule  or Mula Retinta is an evil spirit that appears before  arrieros  as a  pack animal, causing violent winds and storms that make people fall off the precipices atRead MoreAmerican Holidays11778 Words   |  48 Pagesparty-goers who stay out all night and go nuts at midnight. At midnight it is a tradition to make lots of noise. The traditional New Years Ball is dropped every year in Times Square in New York City at 12 o’clock. This event can be seen all over the world on television. Valentine’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day is a day that is set aside to promote the idea of â€Å"love†. It is celebrated on February 14th. People send greeting cards or gifts to loved one and friends to shoe them that they care. Easter Read MoreChanel Handbags, Target, and Salvation Army Swot Analysis13115 Words   |  53 PagesInternationally, they are located in poor countries like China, Africa, and Mexico. They use the proceeds from the store to fund The Salvation Army Adult Rehabilitation Center; this helps out the community because drugs play a large role in poverty all over the world. Geographically, the Salvation Army stores are placed in bigger cities that are close distance to freeways; perhaps because it is easily found and with a good amount of foot traffic. The age groups that shop at The Salvation Army for products likeRead MoreAncient Philippine Civilization4801 Words   |  20 Pageswedding practices  pertain to the characteristics of marriage and wedding traditions established and adhered to by  Filipino men  andwomen  in the Philippines after a period of  courtship and engagement. These traditions extend to other countries around the world where  Filipino communities  exist.  Kasalan  is the  Filipino wordfor wedding,  while its root word –  kasal  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ means marriage.The present-day character of marriages and weddings in thePhilippines  were primarily influenced by the permutation of  nativeRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagessegregation and live in poverty. Langston Hughes, 1933 (Library of Congress) Langston was not ashamed of being a black American. He had already written poems celebrating his heritage. He felt connected to the oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating his Mexican employees. Witnessing his fathers tyranny made Langston sick enough to require hospitalization. By the end of the summer, Langston was glad to return to school in the United States. On the journeyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesper-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data HartleyRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesreprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Copyright  ©2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1999 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storageRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages (800-3721033) 19 HR PERSPECTIVE Workforce Availability—Tight Now and Getting Worse Michael Ottenweller can tell you about the tight labor market—firsthand. His family-owned metal fabrication business in Fort Wayne, Indiana, has turned down contracts with Caterpillar ranging in value from $3 to $6 million. He had no choice—he simply could not find enough workers to do the jobs. In fact, throughout the midwestern United States the low unemployment rate has resulted in many job openingsRead MoreDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pagescustomers. Inching upscale without alienating that base will prove tricky. There will be no couches in the new stores. And Dunkin’ renamed a new hot sandwich a â€Å"stuffed melt† after customers complained that calling it a â€Å"panini† was too fancy. â€Å"We’re walking that [fine] line,† says Regina Lewis, the chain’s vice president of consumer insights. â€Å"The thing about the Dunkin’ tribe is, they see through the hype.† Dunkin’s research showed that although loyal Dunkin’ customers want nicer stores, they were bewildered

Restricting Cell Phones in Public Places - 500 Words

Restricting Cell Phones in Public Places How many times have you seen someone on their cell phones in a restaurant or in a public environment? There have been so many instances when I will be out eating with my family and look over at another table and a person will be in deep conversation on the cell phone, while their family is with them. There are many reasons why restricting cell phones could have a positive outcome. It can be rude to a family, disrespectful to the other people that are around that person, and when a family goes out together it should be family time. First is the fact that it is rude to a person’s family. When a family plans an event that includes going out in public and having a meal together, it is expected by†¦show more content†¦Eating and talking on the phone or texting is not healthy to a person’s digestive system. Stressful mealtimes can cause medical conditions that can be harmful to a person’s health, such as acid reflux . Taking the cell phones out of a situation will make a person slow down and relax. Actually enjoy eating a meal; instead of being hurried can be beneficial. Not being able to be on the phone during a meal can give a person some relaxation time. Some people would argue that having their cell phone is a necessity to their jobs, but a person has to have some personal time to enjoy their family and friends, without the disruption of the phone ringing constantly. It is understandable if it is an emergency and the person needs to answer the phone. Working constantly is not healthy for their wellbeing. Even if it is another friend calling, it is rude to be with a person’s family and be talking to someone else on the phone. We have become a society that does not enjoy family time like it needs to. We only have our children for a few short years. This time should be savored, not taken for granted. I think taking the cell phones out of the equation would be beneficial for all th e people involved. Restricting cell phone usage in public places can be beneficial to everyone involved. Being on the phone is not only rude and disrespectful to his or her family members, but also rude to anyone else they are havingShow MoreRelatedCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers:1096 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or a Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the road (Sundeen 1). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distracting them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out that using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matterRead MoreCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: a Risk or Benefit?1570 Words   |  7 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies havent proved a link between use ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Being On Cell Phone While Driving874 Words   |  4 Pageson a cell phone while driving are. Does being on your cell phone while driving actually increase your chances of having an accident? 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Distracted driving is prettyRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution1365 Words   |  6 Pagespeople to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or afï ¬ rmation, and particularly describing the place t o be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† 2. Can do: 1.) The law enforcement officers or the police while searching a car can search any part of the vehicle within the immediate reach of the driver. They can search the vehicle ifRead MoreA Call to Action: Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road1956 Words   |  8 PagesDavid ******* English 101-B 14 March 2004 A Call to Action: Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road When a cell phone goes off in a classroom or at a concert, we are irritated, but at least our lives are not endangered. 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English 101 Professor Baldwin 2 April XXXX Course name, professor’s name, and date are Lopez begins to centered near the identify and bottom of the page. question Goodall’s assumptions. Marginal annotations indicate MLA-style formatting and effective writing. Source: Diana Hacker

Ethnography Paper Free Essays

Ethnography Paper This is my first time that I come to New York, so I am curious about many things in this new place, such as the famous resorts, and the people here. As we know, the Times Square is very famous in New York. When I was in China, I hope I can visit Times Square, because I saw Times Square was very great in some of the opening of American series. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnography Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, I am in New York, and I have enough chances to visit Times Square whenever I want. In there, it gives me a new horizon to understand the culture that is different from China. I have been to Times Square for two times, and I have a very deep impression on it. It locates in the interchange of Manhattan 42 west street and Broadway avenue. It is interesting that Times Square is not a square area, but a triangular square. I must say it is really the most prosperous place in the world, although it is not very huge as other squares in our mind. There are many theaters, clothing stores, as well as some famous companies. The buildings there are very high, which reflects the boom of this popular city. In Times Square, there is a huge advertising board that presenting various kinds of advertisements, also including Chinese advertisements. On August 28th, the first time I went to Times Square, I saw my friends and I were on this advertising board, which was very exciting for us. I heard from a local friend that Times Square is a crazy area in New York, because you can find museums, hotels, and whatever you want, and all of these things are full of popular elements. It only takes people about ten minutes get to another famous place, the Fifth Avenue, where people can see many luxury brands. Moreover, Times Square is also near to the Central Park, appearing in many renowned movies. It is the symbol of New York City, and it also presents the luxuriousness of the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Besides the magnificent buildings, people in there are also worth to consider. People must be amazing that there are various kinds of people there. They are white, yellow, black, coming from everywhere in the world. Some of them are the local people, and they come here to go shopping or watching a movie. Some of them are tourists, and they come here to go sightseeing, feeling the culture of American. It is a fashionable place, but if you think that only young people come here, and then you are wrong. People from all ages prefer to come to Times Square. Young people can enjoy themselves, as well as elderly. Young people can find the fashionable elements that suit their tastes, while old people prefer to come here to watch a refined opera. Even the children would like to come here, though they are too young to feel the fashion or the culture, but they like the toy stores here. There are different kinds of toy stores and candy shops that are for children, so that children can be adjusted to their wonderful world. What’s more, it is a great place that attracts both men and women. There are a lot of make-up stores and clothing that like a heaven to women. And for men, there are many sports stores that appeal to them. At night, Times Square is also a popular place, due to the various pubs. Many beautiful young ladies and handsome gentlemen go in and out these pubs, which is also a wonderful scenery in this prosperous city. There are diverse kinds of people come here for different reasons, and everyone enjoys himself very much. Every time I came here, I would encounter some interesting activities. The first time I came to Times Square, I saw a naked man, singing at the roadside, with his guitar. I was astonished, as this was the first time for me to see a man with an underwear singing in the busy square. Many people took pictures with him, and everyone was friendly to each other. On the other side of the street, a band, consisting of four children, sang a song with their instruments. This band attracted many tourists, because they were so young, but they played very well. After they sang a song, all the people gave their applause. What’s more, people could see the staffs that wore costumes wandering everywhere. Every tourist could take pictures with them, if they wanted to. The staffs were very kind, and sometimes they would tell you some interesting things that happened in Times Square. When I came to Times Square on the second time, I saw a group of people having a parade there. They promoted that Taiwan should become free from the mainland of China. They gave me their leaflets, but I didn’t take, as I am the member of the mainland of China. It was also worth to state that people communicated with each other friendly, though they were from different countries. They shared their experiences and cultures with each other, which could really broaden the horizon. It is an amazing place that people will have passion here, and prefer to talk with others just like old friends. In Times Square, everyday likes a festival, because it is always a lively square where all the people can enjoy themselves. After I saw the place, the people, and their interaction, I got the deep understanding of the United States. I have to admit that America is the busiest city in the world. In Beijing, which is the best city in China, I have never seen so many grand buildings in one area as in Times Square. As Times Square is the symbol of New York, I can see the fashion of this city. And I also find that people here prefer to watch opera, because there is a long line in front of every theater. From the restaurant, I can obtain the American’s taste that they prefer the fast-food, which is convenient and cheap. Furthermore, from the clothing stores, I can get their clothing style that the casual style of the clothes will suit them. In addition, I find that the United States is a diverse society. It welcomes all the people that come from every corner of the world, ignoring the races and ages. In Times Square, you can find there are different kinds of people with different races and colors, and they all have a good time. In this nowadays’ United States, everyone is equal, and there is no discrimination, so all the people can play together and have a happy time in their life. Most people in the world prefer to have a chance to come to the United States, because not only it is a prosperous country, but also it is equal to everyone. As a result, all the people feel comfortable here. Through observing the people in Times Square, I find that even the old people have the passion toward the life. In other countries, like in China, elderly do not prefer to join activities in a busy area. In the contrast, the old people in America still have the energy to join the activities and live a life that they want. In New York, everyone is very happy, and I can feel their happiness in their heart, from their expressions and actions. It is obvious that America is a good country that welcomes everyone in different countries. From the interaction of the people in Times Square, I find that Americans are very friendly to all the people, even though they do not recognize. The staffs there are very kind to provide the help, when the tourists meet some difficulties. The local people are very nice, and they often share the local cultures with the newcomers. When I was there, I don’t feel lonely, because I can see the smile on everyone’s face, which makes me feel comfortable. Americans are a group of people that are full of passion and energy. They would like to pass this happiness to every other people, so whenever you come to Times Square, you will find that this place is filled with happiness. From the activities there, I would like to say that it is a country that is full of openness and freedom. In China, you may never have a chance to see a naked man singing a song in a square. China is a traditional country, so sometimes it cannot accept the open thought. However, the United States is a country, full of its traditions, as well as its openness. In addition, I think America is a freedom country. Times Square is one of the busiest places in New York. Everyone can tell their inner voices here, not banned by the government. On the second time I went to Times Square, I saw a group people stating that Taiwan should be free from China. Although I don’t agree with this idea, I believe that everyone has the right to say what they want. In China, this kind of parade must be forbidden, not to mention that holding an activity like this in a famous square, such as Tiananmen Square. Therefore, the United States is a country that people can have a freedom of speech. Here, people can say whatever they want, even though their saying may be not the same as the government’s. In China, if people say that Taiwan should be free from China, they must be banned. Although I do not agree with this idea, I think people have the right to say out their opinion, and no one can bother them. I think that is the reason that why most of people prefer to come to the United States. People will be treated equally, and they can feel free in this country. The most outstanding advantage of this country is that every people will get freedom that is valuable to everyone. Under the visiting Times Square for two times, I can draw a conclusion of the American culture. Trough seeing, hearing and feeling of the busiest square in New York, I know that Manhattan is one of the luxuriant places in the world, with numerous great buildings. In addition, I also learned American custom, like their clothes style and their food style. Moreover, I liked the people here, because they are friendly and kind to everyone, ignoring your countries, races and colors. From observing a symbol place of America, I admire this country’s openness and its freedom. It shows that every citizen is the host of this country, and every of them can say the opposite ideas. In fact, because of these opposite voices, the country can make more progress than before, so that people can live a happy life. How to cite Ethnography Paper, Essay examples Ethnography Paper Free Essays Ethnography Paper This is my first time that I come to New York, so I am curious about many things in this new place, such as the famous resorts, and the people here. As we know, the Times Square is very famous in New York. When I was in China, I hope I can visit Times Square, because I saw Times Square was very great in some of the opening of American series. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnography Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, I am in New York, and I have enough chances to visit Times Square whenever I want. In there, it gives me a new horizon to understand the culture that is different from China. I have been to Times Square for two times, and I have a very deep impression on it. It locates in the interchange of Manhattan 42 west street and Broadway avenue. It is interesting that Times Square is not a square area, but a triangular square. I must say it is really the most prosperous place in the world, although it is not very huge as other squares in our mind. There are many theaters, clothing stores, as well as some famous companies. The buildings there are very high, which reflects the boom of this popular city. In Times Square, there is a huge advertising board that presenting various kinds of advertisements, also including Chinese advertisements. On August 28th, the first time I went to Times Square, I saw my friends and I were on this advertising board, which was very exciting for us. I heard from a local friend that Times Square is a crazy area in New York, because you can find museums, hotels, and whatever you want, and all of these things are full of popular elements. It only takes people about ten minutes get to another famous place, the Fifth Avenue, where people can see many luxury brands. Moreover, Times Square is also near to the Central Park, appearing in many renowned movies. It is the symbol of New York City, and it also presents the luxuriousness of the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Besides the magnificent buildings, people in there are also worth to consider. People must be amazing that there are various kinds of people there. They are white, yellow, black, coming from everywhere in the world. Some of them are the local people, and they come here to go shopping or watching a movie. Some of them are tourists, and they come here to go sightseeing, feeling the culture of American. It is a fashionable place, but if you think that only young people come here, and then you are wrong. People from all ages prefer to come to Times Square. Young people can enjoy themselves, as well as elderly. Young people can find the fashionable elements that suit their tastes, while old people prefer to come here to watch a refined opera. Even the children would like to come here, though they are too young to feel the fashion or the culture, but they like the toy stores here. There are different kinds of toy stores and candy shops that are for children, so that children can be adjusted to their wonderful world. What’s more, it is a great place that attracts both men and women. There are a lot of make-up stores and clothing that like a heaven to women. And for men, there are many sports stores that appeal to them. At night, Times Square is also a popular place, due to the various pubs. Many beautiful young ladies and handsome gentlemen go in and out these pubs, which is also a wonderful scenery in this prosperous city. There are diverse kinds of people come here for different reasons, and everyone enjoys himself very much. Every time I came here, I would encounter some interesting activities. The first time I came to Times Square, I saw a naked man, singing at the roadside, with his guitar. I was astonished, as this was the first time for me to see a man with an underwear singing in the busy square. Many people took pictures with him, and everyone was friendly to each other. On the other side of the street, a band, consisting of four children, sang a song with their instruments. This band attracted many tourists, because they were so young, but they played very well. After they sang a song, all the people gave their applause. What’s more, people could see the staffs that wore costumes wandering everywhere. Every tourist could take pictures with them, if they wanted to. The staffs were very kind, and sometimes they would tell you some interesting things that happened in Times Square. When I came to Times Square on the second time, I saw a group of people having a parade there. They promoted that Taiwan should become free from the mainland of China. They gave me their leaflets, but I didn’t take, as I am the member of the mainland of China. It was also worth to state that people communicated with each other friendly, though they were from different countries. They shared their experiences and cultures with each other, which could really broaden the horizon. It is an amazing place that people will have passion here, and prefer to talk with others just like old friends. In Times Square, everyday likes a festival, because it is always a lively square where all the people can enjoy themselves. After I saw the place, the people, and their interaction, I got the deep understanding of the United States. I have to admit that America is the busiest city in the world. In Beijing, which is the best city in China, I have never seen so many grand buildings in one area as in Times Square. As Times Square is the symbol of New York, I can see the fashion of this city. And I also find that people here prefer to watch opera, because there is a long line in front of every theater. From the restaurant, I can obtain the American’s taste that they prefer the fast-food, which is convenient and cheap. Furthermore, from the clothing stores, I can get their clothing style that the casual style of the clothes will suit them. In addition, I find that the United States is a diverse society. It welcomes all the people that come from every corner of the world, ignoring the races and ages. In Times Square, you can find there are different kinds of people with different races and colors, and they all have a good time. In this nowadays’ United States, everyone is equal, and there is no discrimination, so all the people can play together and have a happy time in their life. Most people in the world prefer to have a chance to come to the United States, because not only it is a prosperous country, but also it is equal to everyone. As a result, all the people feel comfortable here. Through observing the people in Times Square, I find that even the old people have the passion toward the life. In other countries, like in China, elderly do not prefer to join activities in a busy area. In the contrast, the old people in America still have the energy to join the activities and live a life that they want. In New York, everyone is very happy, and I can feel their happiness in their heart, from their expressions and actions. It is obvious that America is a good country that welcomes everyone in different countries. From the interaction of the people in Times Square, I find that Americans are very friendly to all the people, even though they do not recognize. The staffs there are very kind to provide the help, when the tourists meet some difficulties. The local people are very nice, and they often share the local cultures with the newcomers. When I was there, I don’t feel lonely, because I can see the smile on everyone’s face, which makes me feel comfortable. Americans are a group of people that are full of passion and energy. They would like to pass this happiness to every other people, so whenever you come to Times Square, you will find that this place is filled with happiness. From the activities there, I would like to say that it is a country that is full of openness and freedom. In China, you may never have a chance to see a naked man singing a song in a square. China is a traditional country, so sometimes it cannot accept the open thought. However, the United States is a country, full of its traditions, as well as its openness. In addition, I think America is a freedom country. Times Square is one of the busiest places in New York. Everyone can tell their inner voices here, not banned by the government. On the second time I went to Times Square, I saw a group people stating that Taiwan should be free from China. Although I don’t agree with this idea, I believe that everyone has the right to say what they want. In China, this kind of parade must be forbidden, not to mention that holding an activity like this in a famous square, such as Tiananmen Square. Therefore, the United States is a country that people can have a freedom of speech. Here, people can say whatever they want, even though their saying may be not the same as the government’s. In China, if people say that Taiwan should be free from China, they must be banned. Although I do not agree with this idea, I think people have the right to say out their opinion, and no one can bother them. I think that is the reason that why most of people prefer to come to the United States. People will be treated equally, and they can feel free in this country. The most outstanding advantage of this country is that every people will get freedom that is valuable to everyone. Under the visiting Times Square for two times, I can draw a conclusion of the American culture. Trough seeing, hearing and feeling of the busiest square in New York, I know that Manhattan is one of the luxuriant places in the world, with numerous great buildings. In addition, I also learned American custom, like their clothes style and their food style. Moreover, I liked the people here, because they are friendly and kind to everyone, ignoring your countries, races and colors. From observing a symbol place of America, I admire this country’s openness and its freedom. It shows that every citizen is the host of this country, and every of them can say the opposite ideas. In fact, because of these opposite voices, the country can make more progress than before, so that people can live a happy life. How to cite Ethnography Paper, Papers

Career Episodes on Physics †Avail Free Sample Now

Introduction CE 1.1 The preset career episode describes my understanding about the Doppler tolerant waveform and radar ambiguity function. I have completed this project in a group as a part of my course requirement. As I have completed the project as a group member, the division of work was there. My role was to develop theoretical knowledge about the radar frequencies and waveforms. Chronology: Location: Name of the Organization: Post: Project Name: Doppler tolerant waveform and radar ambiguity function Background: CE 1.2 A radar system indentifies the incoming wavelengths within its working range. The radar receives a wavelength and analyzes the wavelength to identify the message or any incident within the target groups. The wavelength receiving and sending from radar depends on two very sophisticated mechanisms. One is the technical specification of the radar and the other thing is the angular direction of the radar. The subliming factor, which plays a major role in the radar-working mode, is the environmental anomalies of the locality. CE 1.2.1 Detection While working on the project I have learnt about the fundamental working principal of the radar. I have learnt that for a particular provided range or Doppler or angle a radar takes the decision whether the target object is present or not present. CE 1.2.2 Estimation The estimation is the detection of the live objects nature within the radar range. The best example what I have experienced is the working mode of the SAR Synthetic aperture radar. I have learnt about the fundamental working chronology of the radar during the estimation. Personal Activity CE 1.3 Through my working experience within the group, I have learned the following things from the theoretical aspects. The things are overview about the radar frequencies, radar waveform taxonomy, CW: Measuring range, Ambiguity function, FM and PM pulse compression waveforms and the coherent pulse trains. The knowledge on these topics have helped me to apply the theoretical knowledge in this project. CE 1.3.1 Radar Frequencies and radar bands The radar frequencies and the radar bands are totally interrelated to each other. The radar band ranges from HF band to mm (VW). The frequency of the radar varies according to the band. The frequency ranges from the 3 MHz to the 1000 MHz. The following table will illustrate the different band and the related frequencies with it. Radar band Radar Frequency HF 3- 30 MHz VHF 30- 300 MHz UHF 300-1000 MHz L 1-2 GHz S 2-4 GHz C 4-8 GHz X 8-12 GHz KU 12-18 GHz KA 27-40 GHz Mm(V W) 40-300 GHz CE 1.3.2 Continuous Wave v/s Pulsed I have seen that the major difference between the continuous wave and the pulsed wave is that the continuous wave transmits and receives the frequency simultaneously. Whereas, the pulsed wave transmits and receives through a given period of interval. This interval was prefixed. The other thing what I have learnt is that for the continuous wave radar it requires separate transmitting and receiving antennas whereas for the pulsed wave one single antenna works as a sender and the receiver. In case of continues wave radar the isolation requires limiting the power supply whereas the in case of pulsed wave radar the time-multiplexing technique allows the isolation, in this case the power requirement remains very high. The major advantage for the continuous wave radar I have found that it does not have any blind ranges. However, the pulsed wave radar has blind rage. The main reason behind this is the eclipsing manner during the time of transmitting events. CE 1.3.3 Modulation I have learnt that the modulation is a major factor for the pulsed wave radar. The modulations have different classification. The following table will illustrate the classes of modulation. Amplitude "ON-OFF" Amplitude Modulation Phase Frequency Modulation Frequency Frequency Modulation Polarization Phase Modulation CE 1.4 CW Doppler Processing The continuous wave radar processing follows the following steps. DFT Processing During my work, what I have found is that during the DFT processing the sample continuous wave returns to the receiver in a discrete manner with an applied timing. It develops a working spectrum through Fourier analysis. The result displayed through a sincshaped response. The sign curve represents the analyzed result. Weighting can be applied to reduce Doppler sidelobes To weighting of the wave has been calculated through considering the two factors. One is the SNR loss and the other one is the Resolution degradation. Sampling of DFT response The sampling of the received DFT response is a function of two factors. One is the frequency and the other one is the bin spacing. I have found that these two are the most important factor for the sampling of the received DFT response. The one thing I have found while I worked in this project is that the, if we use the zero padding then it reduces the bin spacing. However, the zero padding does not improves the resolution under any circumstances. CE 1.5 Measuring range with a single pulse In this equation defines the peak transmit power, denotes the center frequency and the defines the width of the pulse. The resultant of this equation helps in the determination of the range. CE 1.6 The Matched Filter To match the filter the first stage is the observation of the known signal. The observation of the known signal is followed by the following equation. s(t) defines the known signal. I also followed the following formula to apply the matched filter to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. This is called SNR ratio. = A + SNR = To calculate this equation I assumed the signal is having unit power and which is: CE 1.7 Waveform range Response It is an auto correction function for the transmitted signal from the object and the radar. To calculate this I have followed the following equation CE 1.8 Ambiguity Function Through working in this project, I have found that the ambiguity function is the characterization of the filtered response while the received signal comes with an uncompensated Doppler shift. I have followed the following range response and the ambiguity function. The range response formula that I have used is CE 1.9 The Limitations of the Un-modulated Pulse I have seen during the project is that for any of the un-modulated pulse an wrapping of the waveform energy and the range resolution To evaluate the limitation I have considered the following formulas CE 1.10 Doppler Designing Considerations While considering the Doppler programming I have considered the following aspects The Ambiguities: I considered the Doppler and the range ambiguities The Blind Zones: I have found that the blind zones in Doppler happen only when clutter and the target Doppler becomes same. The other reason for the occurrence of the blind zone is the eclipsing. Eclipsing is the nature of the radar. It defines that it is impossible to transmit and receive the signal at the sometime. CE 1.11 Pulsed Doppler waveform modes what I have found while working within this group has been illustrated through the following table. High PRF Doppler unambiguous Range Ambiguous Low PRF Doppler unambiguous Range Ambiguous Medium PRF Doppler unambiguous Range Ambiguous Processing of multiple PRFs Moving range and Doppler blind zones Range resolving and the Doppler ambiguities Summary CE 1.12 Throughout this entire project, I have developed critical thinking about the radar working modes, blind zones and the Doppler working model. Working in a group also helped me to learn about the USP of the group activity and the division of work according to the competency of the group members. The entire coding of the solution has helped me to understand how the practical application of the theoretical knowledge can be done through the coding. The main thing what I have Learnt throughout the project is that how the blind zone in the Doppler can be resolved through proper theoretical knowledge and practical coding. Therefore, throughout this project what has been learnt is that how the Doppler tolerance works in the real life scenario. Through doing this project the different radar frequencies and their nature has been learnt. Furthermore, the modulation for the radar and the Doppler processing through different modes also been learnt. The most important thing that has been learnt is that how the fitter matching is done and how it helps in the case of the Doppler tolerance. In case of the ambiguity functions it has been learnt that how this function can be implemented in solving the real life case scenarios. Career Episode 2 Introduction CE 2 .1 In this career episode the main thing, what I have tried to illustrate is the critical understanding about the inductive charging. I have completed this project alone, as it was a sole performance project. The wireless charging is the most recent trend in the mobile phone market. Especially Nokia and Microsoft have used it as a marketing tool. The main reason for doing this project is that to develop a critical understanding about the wireless charging. Chronology: Location: Name of the Organization: Post: Project Name: Wireless Charging of Mobile phones Background: CE 2.2 The concept of mobile charging has been changed in very recent days with the introduction of the Lamia series from Nokia and Microsoft. The inductive charging was a theoretical concept till date and has been practiced within the laboratory only. However, Nokia successfully applied it and commercialized this concept. Therefore, through this project I tried to understand and illustrate the theoretical application of the wireless charging concept. CE 2.3 Functioning of the Wireless Charging The wireless charging is totally based of the wavelength distribution from the source. I have observed that the wavelength of an electromagnetic distribution can range from one millimeter to the one meter. The main advantage of using this technology is that it is very much suitable to develop portable point to pointcommunication. To transmit and to receive the microwave both the node usagesanantenna with a very specific size. In mobile phonechargerit is not possible to use the antenna of different size. Therefore, to develop the wireless mobile charger the rectennahas been used. The main feature of this device is that it directly converts the collected microwave energy to the required DC- Direct Current. I found that the internal elements of the rectennahave been arranged through following the mesh pattern. I found that the simplest rectennacould be developed through using Schottky diode. This diode needs to be placed within the two dipoles of the antennas. However, while working on this project I have found that the conversion off the microwave energy into the Direct current through the rectenna is very much efficient. Within the laboratory condition,the efficient of the rectennahas been ranked higher with the 90% score. I also found that the rectenna configuration through the diodes in the both the dipoles remained able to absorbing the microwaves and converting it into the required DC current. I have observed that the modern day rectennashas been developed through the nanotechnology.In the laboratory conditions, an inverse result has been found. Theoretically the efficiency of the this type of rectenna should be higher but while testing the product in the laboratory condition it has been found that the efficiency of the product is just 1% while it has used infrared light. CE 2.4 Recent Development In very recent times, it has been found that the rectenna has been developed using the sensor technology. I found that Nokia used a simple sensor to connect between the mobile and the changing slot. I found that the sensor used the mobile phone wave to charge the mobile phone. The following block diagram will show the rough working mode of the newly developed rectenna. While working in the working procedure of the sensor I found that the simple F 2 V connector would serve the purpose. In most of the countries, I have found that the GSM mobile companies are using the 900 MHz to the 1800 MHz frequency. Newly developed sensor is also using the same frequency band. Throughout the study on the development of the sensor, I found that the development of the sensor within this frequency helps the companies to keep the cost within the considerable range. On this context, I have found that this sensor has the capacity to generate larger amount of power directly from the microwave beam. To generate the higher amount of power wed can use the SPS satellites. CE 2.5 Limitations in using this technology in the Mobile handsets The rectenna that is using the most advanced technology in recent days is much bulky in size. Therefore, using this in the mobile phone will hamper the mobility of the product due to the increment in the size. However, the main disadvantage of this technology is that lower efficiency and the overheating nature of the charging product. Throughout my experience while working with the wireless charging in the laboratory and in real life situation I found that, the charging material gets over heated very soon. This overheating within a short operational time is a major drawback of this system. Moreover, it there is no as such either theoretical or practical solution is available to reduce this heatingissue in the wireless charging. In most recent development, it has been found that this heating is resistive in nature. This heating over the higher operational time reduces the efficiency of the product. The other limitation of this product what I have found that the incompatibility of the product with the older phones. I found that if this wireless charging is usedwith the older mobile phones it takes higher time to get charged and the heating becomes more rapid than the latest handsets. The other limitation of this charging method is that as the efficiency is very low if the power supply and the output becomes equal then the charging takes higher than normal time. CE 2.6 The Inductive charging working procedure I found that some of the mobile phone makers are providing the wireless charging technology. However, the provided and the theoretical solution is not the same. The mobile phone manufacturers are providing a charging plate or a charging plate to charge the mobile phone. This charging mechanism is called as the inductively couples power transfer system. This charging system follows the mechanism illustrated in the figure. In this figure, the L1 defines the transmitter coil and the L2 defines the receiver coil.The position of these two coils will be the L1 will be placed at the bottom of the device and the L2 will be top of the device. The charging will happen through the L2 plate. I found through some of journals that some of the companies have coupled these two plates in different ways. I found that Nokia itself have used this technology in two different ways. In Lumia 920, they have used thee charging bed and in Lumia 822, they have used the charging plate. The major problem what found in this application is that the charging bed is being overheated very frequently and it is taking the more than normal charging time. I found that some of the companies like JBL and HTC are claiming that the heating issue is much more controllable than the charging bed. However, this has not been experienced in the controlled laboratory conditions. In recentdays,all the companies are trying to resolve the issue with the microwaves. Summary CE 2.7 Wireless charging is the most innovative idea evolved in the recent days. I found that this technology is still in the very basic development stage. There is a many scopes are available for the theoretical develop on this technology before it gets the successful deployment. The other thing what I have found that there is a large disparity between what theory says and what happens in practical condition. Theory says that the efficiency is much higher but in practical found that the efficiency is much lower than the theoretical explanations.However, I found that this could be a great innovation in some days through the theoretical and the practical advancements. Therefore, throughout this project the theoretical aspect of the wireless charging. The application of the theory through the application by Nokia has helped to experience the difference between the theoretical claims and the practical experiences. This project helped to learn the transformation of the microwave into the power for charging the mobile devices. However, the size and the efficiency of the charging in present scenario is not that much bright. Through more advanced study and development on this area may create a bright prospect for the wireless charging. Moreover, the development of the rectenna and the associated sensors will provide scope for the development in the inductive charging research. Career Episode 3 Introduction CE 3.1 This career episode will illustrate my practical understanding about the optical fiber networks and the positioning of the non-standard optical payloads. This career episode will also illustrate my application knowledge on the optical fiber network and the positioning of the non-standard optical payloads. This project has not only given me the knowledge about the starbugs but also made me aware about the different aspects of the starbugs. Chronology: Location: Name of the Organization:Starbucks Post: Project Name: Positioning of non-standard optical payloads. Background: CE 3.2 The concept of starbugs is based on the concept of focus plane positioning. This is fast and accurate positioning of the optical fibers. The positioning of the optical fiber is done through the miniature piezoelectric robot. The formation of the starbugis a complex structure. It consist of two piezo ceramic tube actuators joined from different legs. The motion of Starbugs can be different direction. It can be moved backward, forward, right and left. It usages a 300 Hz frequency. It also can have rotational motion. A starbug device is made up of the piezo materials. The piezo materials are the multilayered materials especially developed for the micro and nano positioning. The bending of the device completely depends on the implication of the voltage into it. While working on this project I found seven distinctive advantage of starbugs. Those are: Positioning different mass and size Micro tracking facility within dynamic field configuration Active payloads and the passive payloads Scalable Redundancy Vacuum and cryogenic Field configuration time These are main reasons why most of the scientific experiments prefers using this device. CE 3.3 Payloads The payloads offer a better opportunity for the development of the future generation telescopes. I have seen that it provides a smarter focal plane for the future generation telescopes like GMT- Giant Magellan Telescope. I found that there are few non-standard payloads during my working tenure. Those are: Wave front correctors Wave front sensors IFU- large integral field unit Local image correctors Pick off mirrors FADC- Fluid atmospheric dispersion corrector The following table will provide a explanatory view about the mentioned payloads Wave front Sensors Wave front correctors Local image correctors IFU- large integral field unit FADC Pick off mirrors Light Heavy Moderate Heavy Moderate Moderate Image aberration measuring. This technology is applied to improve the performance through reducing the wave front distortions. This is used as a corrector for the aberrations happed locally over a wide field. Provides 2D spatial field to each of the single spectrum elements. Fluid used as dispersion corrector. A D-shaped mirror mainly used to differentiate the closely spaced beams. Used in adaptive optics with Starbug Deformable mirror 3dF corrector for HECTOR Used in KOALA IFU for AAT Used in Fluid ADC for GMT Used in MOMSI CE 3.4 Problems associated with different payloads I have learnt about some of the very common problem associated with the payloads. The most common problem that I have found is that the X-Y and R-theta robot faces problems due to the different weights and different sizes of the material. However, I found that this problem could be resolved through the positioning of the multiple starbugs and with the harness payload. CE 3.5 Conceptual designing Through the project work, I have learnt that designing can be done in six different reasons. The designing differences are: Triangular Square format Rectangular format Circular format Linear format (Harness) Linear format (Metrology maker) The main features that I have learnt on these models are displayed through the following table: Designing Main Features Triangular format It provides better solution The designing of this format is very much simple and incurs lower development cost Square format It provides a better synchronization among all other types of designs The development cost for this kind of model incurs lower development cost Rectangular format Provides best in class result Positioning of the vectors is very much difficult in the same direction Circular format Very difficult to synchronize with a specific direction Higher designing complexity The development cost for this kind of device is very much high Linear format with Harness Highly reliable positioning Easy to position the vectors to a specific point Designing for this kind of device having lesser complexity The development cost is much lower than the other devices Linear format with Metrology maker CE 3.6 The steps in designing of Hoverboard It is very much necessary to develop a design before the development starts. I have designed the 2D model of the device through using Microsoft Visio software package. Once the 2D design is ready the 3D model of the designed through the Autodesk inventor and sent for painting to the corresponding painting experts. Once the design is delivered, the surface was rough and uneven. Due to this design, the suction was lower. Therefore, it required a higher pressure to bring the hover effect into the newly designed device. Through using the P1000 and P600 hoverboard was polished. This polished device provided a better result than the earlier times. The adhesion to the field was improved more through using the hover holes. Through doing this the 0 to 90 degree tilt was achieved very smoothly. CE 3.7 Positioning of the Hoverboard on the field plate The positioning on the field plate has been done through following steps: Firstly, need to place the hoverboard with the payload and the Starbug on the telescopes field plate. To ensure the proper air supply the device is connected with the inlet which is hover hole. Turning on the air supply with a power specification approx 220kpa on the hoverboard. The main reason for applying this power is that it will remain able to lift the hoverboard by a considerable height. Putting the starbug in any one of the four holes and calibrating it. Once it reaches the desired position shut down the air supply and turn on the vacuum. The main reason behind doing this is that the vacuum will stick the position of the device in the desired location. Once the hoverboard is stick with the field plate, we can tilt it to the required angle ranging from 0 to 90 degree slowly. If any repositioning is required needed then we need to perform the step 1 to 5. Before we do the repositioning, we need to bring down the plate to the zenith position. CE 3.8 Identifications on the Vacuum Ring and vacuum Nozzle in the laboratory condition Properties Vacuum Nozzle Vacuum Ring Performance Excellent Good Sucking force of the vacuum Moderate High Air pressure on Hover Lower High Complexity Higher Lower Development Cost Less The main reason behind this is that it can be developed without doing the 3D printing. More The main reason behind the higher cost is that it requires separate vacuum ring system. CE 3.9 Application of the Device I found it has been applied in the following projects: GMT for MANIFEST project UKST for TAIPAN Cleaner concept in both the GMT and UKST project Summary CE 3.10 This project has helped me in understanding the different aspects of the payload and starbugs. This project also illustrated that the AAO hoverboard is prototype that usages the starbugs for the positioning and tilting the telescope from 0 degree to 90 degree. I also learnt that though there are two designs available for this. One is TAIPAN and the other is MAINFEST. This project also helped me to learn about the cleaner concept and this concept looks like a very much interesting concept for the future development.